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ID
(Radio-Frequency Identification) tags are small devices used for wireless
identification and tracking via radio waves. They consist of two primary
components: a microchip that stores data and an antenna that transmits and
receives signals. RFID tags can be attached to
objects, animals, or people to automatically identify and track them without
direct contact or line of sight.
Key Features of RFID Tags:
Tag Structure:
Microchip:Stores information, such as an
identification number or other data.
Antenna: Enables communication with an RFID
reader by receiving and transmitting radio signals.
Types of RFID Tags:
Passive RFID Tags:
Do not
have a built-in power source.
Powered by
the electromagnetic field generated by the RFID reader.
Limited
range, typically up to a few meters.
Cost-effective,
making them ideal for applications like retail inventory management.
Active RFID Tags:
Contain a
battery to power the chip and antenna.
Longer
read ranges, up to hundreds of meters.
Used in
applications like tracking vehicles or large assets.
Semi-passive RFID Tags:
Have a
battery to power the microchip but rely on the reader’s signal to transmit
data.
A middle
ground between passive and active tags.
Frequencies: RFID tags operate
at different frequencies, which influence their range, speed, and use cases:
Low Frequency (LF):125-134 kHz, short range (~10 cm),
used in animal tracking and access control.
High Frequency (HF):13.56 MHz, range up to 1 meter,
used in NFC (near-field communication), contactless payments, and smart cards.
Ultra High Frequency (UHF):860-960 MHz, longer range (up to 12
meters), used in supply chain management and logistics.
Working Mechanism:
The RFID
reader sends out a radio frequency signal.
The tag’s
antenna picks up the signal, and the tag is powered if it’s passive.
The tag
responds by transmitting its stored data (like a unique identifier) back to the
reader.
The reader
captures and processes the data, often passing it to a computer system for
further use.
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