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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, represent a crucial subgroup in cellular communication. First proposed by Johnstone et al. in 1983 during the study of erythrocyte differentiation, exosomes were officially identified in 1987 through ultracentrifugation. These membrane-bound small bodies, released from cells through the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell membrane, range in diameter from 40 nm to 100 nm. Exosomes display diverse shapes, including flat or spherical bodies, some exhibiting a cup-shaped morp... more