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Introduction
Explanation of what Hap is
Hydroxyapatite in its natural form is a type of calcium that makes up 97 percent of tooth enamel and 70 percent of dentin. The few remaining substances are water, collagen and other proteins. Hydroxyapatite is also the main (60%) component of bones. In addition to being used in toothpaste, as a cutting-edge new material in biomedical technology, it is also widely used in bone tissue regeneration, calcium supplements and other fields to help strengthen bones. It is also a cutting-edge new material for orthodontics, implants, and restorations.
What Hap Toothpaste is
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) can be used in toothpaste. The main appeal is to remineralize (rebuild) tooth structure and thus restore tooth enamel without any known toxic side effects.
When the teeth (firstly the enamel) are affected by oral respiration, food residues, oral hygiene, and finally the oral flora, the formation of plaque continues to erode and demineralizes the teeth, forming dental caries (cavities).
To reverse caries through remineralization and prevent new caries from forming, the use of hydroxyapatite-rich toothpaste is a very effective method. In Japan, researchers have conducted field comparative studies, and the caries rate of primary school students who use hydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste has been reduced by 36-56%. The Japanese government has officially certified that hydroxyapatite can repair minor damage to enamel and restore the transparency of enamel, and reverse early caries!
Hydroxyphosphorus ash is biocompatible with our food - because it's actually a major component of our food structure!
Brief history of Hap Toothpaste
Hap Toothpaste was first developed in Japan in the 1970s as a way to help people maintain healthy teeth and gums. Since then, it has become increasingly popular around the world, with many people using it as an alternative to traditional toothpastes.
The Science Behind Hap Toothpaste
Composition of Hap Toothpaste
Hap Toothpaste is made from hydroxyapatite (HAp), which is a naturally occurring mineral that is found in teeth and bones. HAp has been shown to be effective in preventing dental caries and improving gum health. Hap Toothpaste also contains fluoride, which is a mineral that helps to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent tooth decay. Other ingredients in Hap Toothpaste may include xylitol, which is a natural sweetener that can help to prevent tooth decay, and other natural ingredients that are designed to promote oral health.
How Hap Toothpaste works
The core function of hydroxyapatite (HAP) is to replace the calcium lost during tooth demineralization, and to fill the invisible micro scratches on the surface of enamel, preventing these micro scratches from becoming plaque attachment points.
Because our teeth can recognize hydroxyapatite, they can absorb and import this component into the deep layer of tooth enamel, right to the bottom area of caries, rebuild our tooth enamel, and thus have the effect of reversing caries. If dental caries has touched the junction of enamel and dentin, it will lead to the exposure of the nerve tubules in the corresponding parts, block these exposed parts and remineralize, which will reduce the possibility of exposure of these nerve tubules, thereby alleviating tooth sensitivity.
The reconstructed and strengthened tooth enamel is more resistant to the adhesion of dental plaque and the erosion of acidic substances, the surface of the tooth will become smoother and smoother, and the color will return to the original color of tooth surface enamel.
Interestingly, hydroxyapatite molecules also have a strong tendency to bind to proteins, which can effectively adsorb oral bacteria, dental plaque and pigments, and nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nHAP) can further expand the adhesion to proteins surface area, the adsorption force is stronger.
Benefits of using Hap Toothpaste
· It prevents and heals cavities.
· It has no toxic side effects and is biocompatible.
· It helps to restore tooth surface smoothness and natural luster (healthy white)
· It helps balance oral flora.
· It can effectively balance the pH value in our mouth
· It helps improve gum health
Conclusion
To summarize, Hap Toothpaste is a safe and effective method of maintaining oral health. It is made of hydroxyapatite (HAp), a mineral found naturally in teeth and bones, and it has been shown to be effective in preventing dental caries and improving gum health. According to clinical studies, Hap Toothpaste is more effective than other toothpastes in preventing dental caries and improving gum health. Hap Toothpaste may be the right choice for you if you're looking for a safe and effective way to maintain your oral health.
What is AFM
Atomic force microscope (AFM) is a kind of scanning probe microscope (SPM) that came out in the early 1980s. In 1986, Dr. Binning won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the scanning probe microscope. The magnification of this microscope far exceeds any previous microscope: the magnification of optical microscopes generally does not exceed 1000 times; the magnification limit of electron microscopes is 1 million times; and the magnification of atomic force microscopes can be as high as 1 billion times The resolution of the electron microscope is 1000 times higher, and it can directly observe the molecules and atoms of substances, which provides an ideal tool for human beings to further explore the microscopic world.
Advantages of AFM
First, the sample preparation of the atomic force microscope technique is simple and does not require special treatment of the sample, so it is much less destructive than other commonly used techniques in biology (such as electron microscopy); Second, the atomic force microscope can operating in a variety of environments (including air, liquid, and vacuum), biomolecules can be directly imaged under physiological conditions, and real-time dynamic observations of living cells can also be performed; Third, atomic force microscopy (AFM) can provide biomolecules and biosurfaces 3D images with molecular/submolecular resolution; Fourth, atomic force microscopy can observe local charge density and physical properties with nanometer-scale resolution, and measure the interaction force between molecules (such as receptors and ligands) ; Fifth, atomic force microscopy can manipulate individual biomolecules; in addition, the information obtained by atomic force microscopy can also complement other analytical techniques and microscopy techniques.
AFM probes are basically prepared by processing Si or Si3N4 with MEMS technology. The probe tip radius is generally 10 to tens of nm. Cantilevers are usually fabricated from a silicon or silicon nitride wafer typically 100–500 μm long and approximately 500 nm–5 μm thick. A typical silicon microcantilever is about 100 μm long, 10 μm wide, and a few microns thick.
Microscopes for various application fields have been developed using various interaction forces between the probe and the sample, such as AFM (van der Far force), electrostatic force microscope (EFM), magnetic force microscope (MFM), Lateral Force Microscope (LFM), etc., so there are corresponding probes for different types of microscopes.
Common AFM probe types
Non-contact/tapping mode tips and contact mode probes
The most commonly used products with high resolution and average lifetime. The probe is constantly worn during use, and the resolution is easily degraded. Mainly used in surface morphology observation.
Conductive probe
It is obtained by plating 10-50 nanometers thick Pt (and other metals that improve the bonding force of the coating, such as Cr, Ti, Pt and Ir, etc.) on ordinary probes. Conductive probes are used in EFM, KFM, SCM, etc. The resolution of conductive probes is worse than that of tapping and contact mode probes, and the conductive coating is easy to fall off during use, and the conductivity is difficult to maintain for a long time. The new products of conductive tips include carbon nanotube tips, diamond-coated tips, all-diamond tips, and all-wire tips. These new technologies overcome the shortcomings of short life and low resolution of ordinary conductive tips.
Magnetic probe
Applied to MFM, it is prepared by plating Co, Fe and other ferromagnetic layers on the probes of common tapping and contact modes. The resolution is worse than that of common probes, and the conductive coating is easy to fall off when used.
Large aspect ratio probe
The large aspect ratio tip is specially designed and produced for measuring deep grooves and approximately vertical sides. Features: Not commonly used products, high resolution, average service life. Technical parameters: tip height > 9μm; aspect ratio 5:1; tip radius < 10 nm.
Diamond-like carbon AFM probe/all-diamond probe
One is to add a layer of diamond-like carbon film on the tip of the silicon probe, and the other is made of all-diamond material (the price is very high). These two diamond carbon probes have great durability, reducing tip wear and increasing service life.