Java is a widely-used, object-oriented programming language that has several fundamental topics essential for beginners. Here are some of the basic topics in Java:
1.
Introduction to Java- History and Evolution: Understanding the origins and development of Java.
- Features of Java: Platform independence, object-oriented, simple, secure, etc.
- Java Environment: JDK (Java Development Kit), JRE (Java Runtime Environment), and JVM (Java Virtual Machine).
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2.
Basic Syntax- Java Program Structure: Understanding the structure of a Java program including the main method.
- Data Types: Primitive data types (int, char, double, boolean, etc.) and non-primitive data types (arrays, strings, classes).
- Variables: Declaration, initialization, and scope of variables.
- Operators: Arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, and other operators.
3.
Control Flow Statements- Conditional Statements: if, if-else, switch.
- Looping Statements: for, while, do-while loops.
- Branching Statements: break, continue, return.
4.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts- Classes and Objects: Creating classes and objects, understanding the relationship between them.
- Methods: Defining and invoking methods, method overloading.
- Constructors: Default and parameterized constructors.
- Inheritance: Extending classes, the use of super keyword, method overriding.
- Polymorphism: Compile-time (method overloading) and run-time (method overriding) polymorphism.
- Encapsulation: Using access modifiers to protect data.
- Abstraction: Abstract classes and interfaces.
5.
Java Libraries and APIs- String Handling: String class and its methods, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer.
- Collections Framework: List, Set, Map, and their implementations like ArrayList, HashSet, HashMap.
- File I/O: Reading from and writing to files using classes in the java.io package.
6.
Exception Handling- Types of Exceptions: Checked and unchecked exceptions.
- Try-Catch Block: Using try, catch, finally blocks.
- Throw and Throws: Throwing exceptions and declaring them.
7.
Multithreading and Concurrency- Thread Creation: Extending Thread class or implementing Runnable interface.
- Thread Lifecycle: New, runnable, blocked, waiting, timed waiting, terminated.
- Synchronization: Managing access to shared resources.
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